Ice Mass Balance in Liaodong Bay: Modeling and Observations

During the winters of 2009/2010 and 2020/2021, observations were carried out at an eastern port Liaodong Bay to examine variations in sea ice thickness atmospheric conditions. The daily (DIT) cumulative (CIT) are two main observation items related ice. For DIT, gradually decreases as temperature increases, freezing rate a is 1.48 cm/(°C·d)1/2. CIT, when −12 °C, maximum growth from 3.5 cm/d 1.5 increases 0 20 cm. residual method was applied calculate oceanic heat flux, which important parameter modeling, both analytic model (Stefan’s law) numerical (high-resolution thermodynamic snow-and-ice model) utilized this work. It found that accuracy simulation results high coefficient mode 2.3 With flux 2 W·m−2, error approached 60% 2010 3.7% 2021. However, using calculated work, can be significantly reduced 4.2% winter 1.5% 2020/2021. Additionally, showed decreasing trend with increase air temperature.